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The versatile and edible plant Azolla caroliniana, which can double its biomass in just two days, may offer an innovative solution to global food insecurity.
Global Context: In 2023, approximately 2.33 billion people worldwide were affected by food insecurity. Climate-related disasters are on the rise, exacerbating food crises. In such emergencies, rapidly restoring access to reliable food sources is critical for saving lives. Fast-growing, easy-to-cultivate, and nutrient-rich plants are essential in re-establishing food supplies after disasters.
Azolla caroliniana as a Solution: A research team from Penn State University has studied this freshwater fern, commonly known as Carolina azolla, and identified its potential as a food source. This highly versatile plant could provide large quantities of protein and calories for both humans and livestock. Beyond its nutritional benefits, Azolla can be used as green fertilizer, in biodiesel production, wastewater treatment, and even mosquito control.
A Global Food Security Asset: Native to the eastern United States, Azolla caroliniana is more digestible and nutritious for humans than other strains currently cultivated in Africa and Asia for livestock feed. It can be grown both indoors and outdoors and requires minimal inputs and maintenance, making it an ideal candidate for large-scale development.
Overcoming Challenges: Previous studies suggested that the use of Azolla for human consumption was limited due to high polyphenol content, which interferes with digestibility. However, recent research has shown that this is not an issue with the Carolina strain, especially when cooked. Concerns about cyanotoxins, harmful toxins produced by certain cyanobacteria, were also ruled out by the study.
In conclusion, Azolla caroliniana could play a crucial role in fighting food insecurity, offering a sustainable, nutritious, and rapidly growing food source in emergency situations.
